全文获取类型
收费全文 | 28550篇 |
免费 | 6065篇 |
国内免费 | 6813篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 4860篇 |
大气科学 | 5076篇 |
地球物理 | 7747篇 |
地质学 | 12343篇 |
海洋学 | 4336篇 |
天文学 | 694篇 |
综合类 | 2353篇 |
自然地理 | 4019篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 56篇 |
2023年 | 321篇 |
2022年 | 980篇 |
2021年 | 1161篇 |
2020年 | 1328篇 |
2019年 | 1441篇 |
2018年 | 1297篇 |
2017年 | 1497篇 |
2016年 | 1573篇 |
2015年 | 1736篇 |
2014年 | 1872篇 |
2013年 | 2080篇 |
2012年 | 1951篇 |
2011年 | 2012篇 |
2010年 | 1615篇 |
2009年 | 1878篇 |
2008年 | 1870篇 |
2007年 | 2043篇 |
2006年 | 1899篇 |
2005年 | 1655篇 |
2004年 | 1564篇 |
2003年 | 1318篇 |
2002年 | 1210篇 |
2001年 | 966篇 |
2000年 | 881篇 |
1999年 | 775篇 |
1998年 | 723篇 |
1997年 | 659篇 |
1996年 | 538篇 |
1995年 | 516篇 |
1994年 | 470篇 |
1993年 | 411篇 |
1992年 | 260篇 |
1991年 | 221篇 |
1990年 | 155篇 |
1989年 | 120篇 |
1988年 | 113篇 |
1987年 | 68篇 |
1986年 | 43篇 |
1985年 | 34篇 |
1984年 | 17篇 |
1983年 | 8篇 |
1982年 | 13篇 |
1981年 | 9篇 |
1980年 | 12篇 |
1979年 | 14篇 |
1978年 | 17篇 |
1977年 | 7篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1954年 | 15篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
991.
Yunjun Yao Shunlin Liang Qiming Qin Kaicun Wang Shaohua Zhao 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2011
The latent heat of evapotranspiration (ET) plays an important role in the assessment of drought severity as one sensitive indicator of land drought status. A simple and accurate method of estimating global ET for the monitoring of global land surface droughts from remote sensing data is essential. The objective of this research is to develop a hybrid ET model by introducing empirical coefficients based on a simple linear two-source land ET model, and to then use this model to calculate the Evaporative Drought Index (EDI) based on the actual estimated ET and the potential ET in order to characterize global surface drought conditions. This is done using the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Surface Radiation Budget (SRB) products, AVHRR-NDVI products from the Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS) group, and National Centers for Environmental Prediction Reanalysis-2 (NCEP-2) datasets. We randomly divided 22 flux towers into two groups and performed a series of cross-validations using ground measurements collected from the corresponding flux towers. The validation results from the second group of flux towers using the data from the first group for calibration show that the daily bias varies from −6.72 W/m2 to 12.95 W/m2 and the average monthly bias is −1.73 W/m2. Similarly, the validation results of the first group of flux towers using data from second group for calibration show that the daily bias varies from −12.91 W/m2 to 10.26 W/m2 and the average monthly bias is −3.59 W/m2. To evaluate the reliability of the hybrid ET model on a global scale, we compared the estimated ET from the GEWEX, AVHRR-GIMMS-NDVI, and NECP-2 datasets with the latent heat flux from the Global Soil Wetness Project-2 (GSWP-2) datasets. We found both of them to be in good agreement, which further supports the validity of our model's global ET estimation. Significantly, the patterns of monthly EDI anomalies have a good spatial and temporal correlation with the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) anomalies from January 1984 to December 2002, which indicates that the method can be used to accurately monitor long-term global land surface drought. 相似文献
992.
Dhaval Vyas N.S.R. Krishnayya K.R. Manjunath S.S. Ray Sushma Panigrahy 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2011
There is an urgent necessity to monitor changes in the natural surface features of earth. Compared to broadband multispectral data, hyperspectral data provides a better option with high spectral resolution. Classification of vegetation with the use of hyperspectral remote sensing generates a classical problem of high dimensional inputs. Complexity gets compounded as we move from airborne hyperspectral to Spaceborne technology. It is unclear how different classification algorithms will perform on a complex scene of tropical forests collected by spaceborne hyperspectral sensor. The present study was carried out to evaluate the performance of three different classifiers (Artificial Neural Network, Spectral Angle Mapper, Support Vector Machine) over highly diverse tropical forest vegetation utilizing hyperspectral (EO-1) data. Appropriate band selection was done by Stepwise Discriminant Analysis. The Stepwise Discriminant Analysis resulted in identifying 22 best bands to discriminate the eight identified tropical vegetation classes. Maximum numbers of bands came from SWIR region. ANN classifier gave highest OAA values of 81% with the help of 22 selected bands from SDA. The image classified with the help SVM showed OAA of 71%, whereas the SAM showed the lowest OAA of 66%. All the three classifiers were also tested to check their efficiency in classifying spectra coming from 165 processed bands. SVM showed highest OAA of 80%. Classified subset images coming from ANN (from 22 bands) and SVM (from 165 bands) are quite similar in showing the distribution of eight vegetation classes. Both the images appeared close to the actual distribution of vegetation seen in the study area. OAA levels obtained in this study by ANN and SVM classifiers identify the suitability of these classifiers for tropical vegetation discrimination. 相似文献
993.
Evaluation of a three-band model for estimating chlorophyll-a concentration in tidal reaches of the Pearl River Estuary, China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Shuisen Chen Ligang Fang Hongli Li Weiqi Chen Wenrui Huang 《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2011,66(3):356-364
Accurate assessment of phytoplankton chlorophyll-a (Chla) concentration in turbid waters by means of remote sensing was challenging due to the optical complexity of turbid waters. Recently, a conceptual model containing reflectance in three spectral bands in the red and near-infrared range of the spectrum was suggested for retrieving Chla concentrations in turbid productive waters. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the performance of this three-band model to estimate Chla concentration in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE), China. Reflectance spectra of surface water and water samples were collected concurrently. The samples contained variable Chla (4.80-92.60 mg/m3) and total suspended solids (0.4-55.2 mg/L dry wt). Colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) absorption at 400 nm was 0.40-1.41 m−1; turbidity ranged from 4 to 25 NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Units). The three-band model was spectrally calibrated by iterative and least-square linear regression methods to select the optimal spectral bands for the most accurate Chla estimation. Strong linear relationships (R2=0.81, RMSE=1.4 mg/m3, N=32) were established between measured Chla and the levels obtained from the calibrated three-band model [R−1(684)-R−1(690)]×R(718), where R(λ) was the reflectance at wavelength λ. The calibrated three-band model was independently validated (R2=0.9521, RMSE=6.44 mg/m3, N=16) and applied to retrieve Chla concentrations from the calibrated EO-1 Hyperion reflectance data in the PRE on December 21, 2006. The EO-1 Hyperion-derived Chla concentrations were further validated using synchronous in situ data collected on the same day (R2=0.64, RMSE=2 mg/m3, N=9). The spatial tendency of Chla distribution mapping by Hyperion showed gradually increased concentrations of Chla farther from the river mouths (although decreasing from east to west), which were disturbed by the combination of river outlets and tidal current in Lingding Bay of the PRE. This observation conformed to previous observations and studies, and could reasonably be explained by geographical changes. Also, results indicated that the slope of the three-band regression line decreased as the Chla concentration increased, resulting in the first sensitive band of the three-band model to move towards short wavelengths. These findings validated the rationale behind the conceptual model and demonstrated the robustness of this algorithm for Chla retrieval from in situ data and the Hyperion satellite sensor in turbid estuarine waters of the PRE, China. 相似文献
994.
995.
996.
研究了利用时间序列分析方法进行变形预报。首先叙述了变形观测数据预处理、时间序列平稳性检验、模型的选用和检验;然后针对一组实测数据,利用多项式提取趋势项,分析回归残差,建立了AR(2)预报模型,并利用模型进行了预报;最后将预报结果与实测数据比较,证明了预报模型的有效性。 相似文献
997.
998.
基于偏差原则和正则化方法反演晴空地表BRDF和反照率 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
提出一种反演晴空地表反照率快速稳健的新算法——混合算法。该方法首先利用双参数模型函数确定正则参数的初始值,然后由基于Morozov偏差原则的高阶收敛算法确定正则参数,继而通过Tikhonov正则化手段来反演BRDF模型。从POLDER-3/PARASOL BRDF数据库中任意挑选不同覆盖的地表像元测量数据,与MODIS全反演法结果作比较,对比较结果给予了讨论;最后选择天津市地区的卫星图像进行反演实验,并就反演结果给出了误差分析和算法模型的评价。 相似文献
999.
简要介绍了利用高分辨率卫星影像GeoEye-1的特点针对新疆边境不能实施航空摄影的特殊地带,提出一套利用最少控制点可满足基础测绘要求的技术实施方案. 相似文献
1000.